Logical Operators

Logical Operators

Logical operators let you combine multiple conditions into one decision.

That is useful when your program needs more than one rule to be true before it should run a block of code.

BornomalaScript uses familiar boolean-style logic with && and ||.

What You Will Learn

In this lesson, you will learn how to:

• combine two conditions with AND
• allow one condition out of many with OR
• use logical operators inside jodi blocks
• write cleaner decision-making code

Basic Example

Logical operations work as you expect:

dhoro a = sotto
dhoro b = mittha

jodi (a && b) tahole {
	lekho("both true")
} othoba (a || b) tahole {
	lekho("at least one true")
} nahole {
	lekho("both false")
}

This example shows two common logical checks:

• && means both sides must be true
• || means at least one side must be true

How It Works

Logical operators are used when a single condition is not enough.

For example:

• a student may need to be old enough and enrolled
• a user may need to be logged in or have permission
• a form may need two fields filled before it can continue

That means logical operators help you combine rules instead of writing many separate checks.

AND with &&

The AND operator is used when both conditions must be true.

Example:

dhoro age = 20
dhoro hasPermission = sotto

jodi (age >= 18 && hasPermission) tahole {
	lekho("Access granted")
} nahole {
	lekho("Access denied")
}

In this case, the program only grants access if both parts are true.

OR with ||

The OR operator is used when at least one condition is enough.

Example:

dhoro isTeacher = mittha
dhoro isStudent = sotto

jodi (isTeacher || isStudent) tahole {
	lekho("You can enter")
} nahole {
	lekho("You cannot enter")
}

Here, the program continues if either value is true.

Step-by-Step Breakdown

Read the first example carefully:

1. Two boolean values are created
2. The program checks whether both values are true with &&
3. If that fails, it checks whether at least one value is true with ||
4. If neither branch matches, nahole runs

This is the same decision-making style you use in real programs.

Why Logical Operators Matter

Logical operators help you write conditions that are more realistic.

Instead of checking one rule at a time, you can combine rules into a single expression.

That is useful for:

• permissions
• login checks
• validation rules
• menu logic
• simple access control

Important Notes

When you combine conditions, order matters.

If your expression is long, test it one piece at a time before combining everything into a single condition.

That makes debugging much easier.

Try These Variations

Practice with your own examples:

dhoro loggedIn = sotto
dhoro hasToken = mittha

jodi (loggedIn && hasToken) tahole {
	lekho("Secure access")
} nahole {
	lekho("Need more checks")
}

dhoro rainy = mittha
dhoro holiday = sotto

jodi (rainy || holiday) tahole {
	lekho("Stay home")
} nahole {
	lekho("Go outside")
}

dhoro isAdmin = sotto
dhoro isOwner = mittha

jodi (isAdmin || isOwner) tahole {
	lekho("Allowed")
} nahole {
	lekho("Denied")
}

Common Mistakes

Beginners often make these mistakes:

• using && when || was needed
• forgetting to make both sides boolean values
• trying to combine conditions without testing them first
• assuming both sides of || must be true

If the result looks wrong, check which logical operator you used.

Practice Task

Try writing programs that:

1. allow access only when two conditions are true
2. allow access when either one of two conditions is true
3. print a different message when both are false

Quick Checklist

Before moving on, make sure you can:

• use && for AND logic
• use || for OR logic
• place logical operators inside a condition
• understand when a branch should run

If yes, you understand the basics of logical operators in BornomalaScript.